Sunday, December 29, 2019

How to Use Sentence Fragments Effectively

Most writing handbooks insist that incomplete sentences--or fragments--are errors that need to be corrected. As Toby Fulwiler and Alan Hayakawa say in The Blair Handbook (Prentice Hall, 2003), The problem with a fragment is its incompleteness. A sentence expresses a complete idea, but a fragment neglects to tell the reader either what it is about (the subject) or what happened (the verb) (p. 464). In formal writing, the proscription against using fragments often makes good sense. But not always. In both fiction and nonfiction, the sentence fragment may be used deliberately to create a variety of powerful effects. Fragments of Thought Midway through J. M. Coetzees novel Disgrace (Secker Warburg, 1999), the main character experiences shock as the result of a brutal attack at his daughters house. After the intruders leave, he attempts to come to terms with what has just occurred: It happens every day, every hour, every minute, he tells himself, in every quarter of the country. Count yourself lucky to have escaped with your life. Count yourself lucky not to be a prisoner in the car at this moment, speeding away, or at the bottom of a donga with a bullet in your head. Count Lucy lucky too. Above all Lucy.A risk to own anything: a car, a pair of shoes, a packet of cigarettes. Not enough to go around, not enough cars, shoes, cigarettes. Too many people, too few things. What there is must go into circulation, so that everyone can have a chance to be happy for a day. That is the theory; hold to this theory and to the comforts of theory. Not human evil, just a vast circulatory system, to whose workings pity and terror are irrelevant. That is how one must see life in this country: in its schematic aspect. Otherwise one could go mad. Cars, shoes; women too. There must be some niche in the system for women and what happens to them. reflect the characters efforts to make sense of the harsh, disruptive experience. The sense of incompleteness conveyed by the fragments is deliberate and quite effective. Narrative and Descriptive Fragments In Charles Dickenss The Pickwick Papers (1837), rascally Alfred Jingle tells a macabre tale that today would probably be labeled an urban legend. Jingle relates the anecdote in a curiously fragmented fashion: Heads, heads--take care of your heads! cried the loquacious stranger, as they came out under the low archway, which in those days formed the entrance to the coach-yard. Terrible place--dangerous work--other day--five children--mother--tall lady, eating sandwiches--forgot the arch--crash--knock--children look round--mothers head off--sandwich in her hand--no mouth to put it in--head of a family off--shocking, shocking! Jingles narrative style calls to mind the famous opening of Bleak House (1853), in which Dickens devotes three paragraphs to an impressionistic description of a London fog: fog in the stem and bowl of the afternoon pipe of the wrathful skipper, down in his close cabin; fog cruelly pinching the toes and fingers of his shivering little prentice boy on deck. In both passages, the writer is more concerned with conveying sensations and creating a mood than in completing a thought grammatically. The Series of Illustrative Fragments Pale druggists in remote towns of the Epworth League and flannel nightgown belts, endlessly wrapping up bottles of Peruna. . . . Women hidden away in the damp kitchens of unpainted houses along the railroad tracks, frying tough beefsteaks. . . . Lime and cement dealers being initiated into the Knights of Pythias, the Red Men or the Woodmen of the World. . . . Watchmen at lonely railroad crossings in Iowa, hoping that theyll be able to get off to hear the United Brethren evangelist preach. . . . Ticket-sellers in the subway, breathing sweat in its gaseous form. . . . Farmers plowing sterile fields behind sad meditative horses, both suffering from the bites of insects. . . . Grocery-clerks trying to make assignations with soapy servant girls. . . . Women confined for the ninth or tenth time, wondering helplessly what it is all about. . . . Methodist preachers retired after forty years of service in the trenches of God, upon pensions of $600 a year. Collected rather than connected, such brief fragmented examples offer snapshots of sadness and disappointment. Fragments and Crots Different as these passages are, they illustrate a common point: fragments arent inherently bad. Though a strictly prescriptive grammarian might insist that all fragments are demons waiting to be exorcised, professional writers have looked more kindly on these ragged bits and pieces of prose. And they have found some imaginative ways to use fragments effectively. Over 30 years ago, in An Alternate Style: Options in Composition (now out of print), Winston Weathers made a strong case for going beyond strict definitions of correctness when teaching writing. Students should be exposed to a wide range of styles, he argued, including the variegated, discontinuous, fragmented forms used to great effect by Coetzee, Dickens, Mencken, and countless other writers. Perhaps because fragment is so commonly equated with error, Weathers reintroduced the term crot, an archaic word for bit, to characterize this deliberately chopped-up form.The language of lists, advertising, blogs, text messages. An increasingly common style. Like any device, often overworked. Sometimes inappropriately applied. So this isnt a celebration of all fragments. Incomplete sentences that bore, distract, or confuse readers should be corrected. But there are moments, whether under the archway or at a lonely railroad crossing, when fragments (or crots or verbless sentences) work just fine. Indeed, better than fine. Also see: In Defense of Fragments, Crots, and Verbless Sentences.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Mark David Chapman and The Cather in the Rye - 847 Words

On December 8, 1980, John Lennon of the Beatles was shot and killed outside of his apartment complex in New York City. The man who shot Lennon, Mark David Chapman, was found just a few feet away from Lennon’s body, reading The Catcher in the Rye. Unbecomingly, Chapman used the book as his excuse for murdering Lennon. In court, Chapman used the novel as his statement and even signed his copy of the novel as â€Å"Holden Caulfield,† the novel’s protagonist, believing himself to actually be Caulfield. Because of this, John Lennon and the book will be eternally connected. However, Lennon’s death is not the only parallel to be drawn between Holden Caulfield and Lennon; the similarities between Holden and Lennon are almost uncanny. Their views on religion are virtually identical; and if they were to be switched, one would be unable to distinguish one from the other. Among other things, the two both suffered from very significant losses in their families, Lennon having his mother die and Caulfield, his younger brother. Both of these events seriously shaped their views on life and their behaviors. Lastly, they both dealt with rejection throughout their lives; Holden feels rejected by just about every person he meets and John Lennon’s father left him when he was only five years old, which later proves to be an emotionally crippling event in his life. In all, Holden and Lennon share a mutual fate in their similarities and will be forever connected by the horrendous act against Lennon in

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Element for Sustainable Waste Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Element for Sustainable Waste Management. Answer: Introduction There occurs the generation of chemical waste in various sectors from large industries,healthcare to small businesses. There occurs the generation of large quantities of hazardous waste and there is the scope for reducing this waste generation with the help of the programmes related to waste prevention. Industries that are generating toxic wastes are numerous, which ranges from chemicals to electronics as well as from plastics to metal plating. These toxic wastes are having a negative impact on the natural environment and are having a connection with different problems related with health ranging from immune and reproductive disorders to respiratory and other ailments. Global issue where shared responsibility for the common good is not being realised A global issue that is affecting the environment and where the shared responsibility for the common good is not being realised is concerned with the aspect of chemical waste management. Chemical wastes are liquid, semi-solid as well as solid wastes that are hazardous in nature or constituting the threat associated with the aspect of polluting the environment. To dispose chemical waste in an indiscriminate manner is having a serious health, safety as well as environmental impact (Yong 2016). The management of chemical waste is becoming a growingly international concern. The global generation of toxic waste is almost 440 million tons, as well as an approximate 10 percent of that waste is making its way across the global boundaries. Industries that are generating toxic wastes are numerous, which ranges from chemicals to electronics as well as from plastics to metal plating. These toxic wastes are having a negative impact on the natural environment and are having a connection with different problems related with health ranging from immune and reproductive disorders to respiratory and other ailments (Kjeldsen 2016). To dispose chemical waste is having a huge environmental influence and will be causing serious challenges. The various environmental effects of chemical wastes are mentioned as under, Surface water contamination Chemical waste that is ending up in water bodies will be changing in a negative manner the chemical composition of the water. This will be affecting the entire ecosystems that exist in the water. Soil consumption Harmful chemicals that get into the soil might be harming the plants when they are taking up the contamination with the help of their roots. There occurs a negative influence on the health of individuals who consume those plants from the soils that have been contaminated. Pollution Practices relating to poor waste management will be resulting in the pollution of land as well as air and will be causing respiratory problems as well as other negative impact related to health (Edjabou 2015). Proposing ways for addressing the challenging issue regarding chemical waste management The different ways to address the challenging issue relating tochemical waste management are mentioned as under, Identifying the types of chemical wastes To recognize the proper traits relating to chemical waste is the primary step to safeguard the staffs as well as protect the business from legal actions. Small businesses might be establishing an official method to identify various kinds of chemical waste found on the premises as well as reminding the staffs when there is a rise in particular waste because of the production from companies. Through the creation of a more educated workforce, businesses will be preventing the accidents as well as eliminating any confusion regarding various kinds of chemical wastes (Allesch 2014). Knowing the ways for treating, storing as well as disposing To treat unpredictable industry excess materials is considered significant regarding appropriate removal. The materials should be undergoing a method that will be transforming the chemical elements for minimizing their environmental impact. Through the change in the physical or biological structural aspect relating to chemical wastes, organizations do the ensuring that the workforce is not harmed when in contact with the substances (Guerrero 2013). Organizations are required considering which storage options are required for the kind of waste that they are producing. Organizations are provided with regulations relating to the safe disposal that are depending on the aspect of classifying the hazards. Landfills, land treatment units as well as surface elements are all acceptable processes to remove materials till the time the organizations are complying with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Organizations can do the utilization of facilities that is treating, storing as well as disposing chemical wastes for guaranteeing security (Brunner 2015). Every facility is necessary for applying a chemical waste permit and it is considered being an effective idea regarding the organizations for requesting proof of the permit from the facilities. Treating the waste The treatment of the chemical waste might be reducing the volume of waste or making the chemical waste less hazardous. There is the requirement for disposing the waste with the help of a legally recognized facility for hazardous waste management, which is also considered as a treatment, storage as well as disposal facility or TSDF. An organization can have a direct dealing with a TSDF or do the utilization of a hazardous waste broker as a mediator (Arena 2014). Managing the waste as universal waste Universal wastes are comprising of waste batteries, mercury-containing thermostats as well as majority of the fluorescent lamps. Management of chemical wastes in respect of chemical wastes are reorganized for promoting their re-cycling. For instance, when the recycling of universal wastes take place, they are not required to be noticeable or counted regarding waste generation totals (Blackman 2016). Conclusion To conclude, it can be stated that there is the requirement for preventing as well as reducing the aspect of generating chemical waste by industries as well as the society. There is also the requirement for minimizing the collection of hazardous waste for reducing the environmental as well as health effect of any chemical waste that is not regulated. Also, there is the requirement for minimizing the health, social, environmental as well as economic influence related with the generation as well asmanagement of chemical wastes. Organizations are required considering which storage options are required for the kind of waste that they are producing. Organizations are provided with regulations relating to the safe disposal that are depending on the aspect of classifying the hazards. References Allesch, A. and Brunner, P.H., 2014. Assessment methods for solid waste management: A literature review.Waste Management Research,32(6), pp.461-473. Arena, U. and Di Gregorio, F., 2014. A waste management planning based on substance flow analysis.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,85, pp.54-66. Blackman Jr, W.C., 2016.Basic hazardous waste management. CRC Press. Brunner, P.H. and Rechberger, H., 2015. Waste to energykey element for sustainable waste management.Waste management,37, pp.3-12. Edjabou, M.E., Jensen, M.B., Gtze, R., Pivnenko, K., Petersen, C., Scheutz, C. and Astrup, T.F., 2015. Municipal solid waste composition: Sampling methodology, statistical analyses, and case study evaluation.Waste Management,36, pp.12-23. Guerrero, L.A., Maas, G. and Hogland, W., 2013. Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries.Waste management,33(1), pp.220-232. Kjeldsen, P., 2016. SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF CD WASTEREDUCING THE SOURCE TO OZONE DEPLETION AND GLOBAL WARMING. In5th International Conference on Industrial and Hazardous waste management. Yong, J.Y., Kleme, J.J., Varbanov, P.S. and Huisingh, D., 2016. Cleaner energy for cleaner production: modelling, simulation, optimisation and waste management.Journal of Cleaner Production,111, pp.1-16.